Daps Back Calculation Software

Posted By admin On 01/06/18
Wilmington University

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DAPS™ Software ( Deflection Analysis of Pavement Structure) Back-calculation of Layer Stiffness from Deflection Data using the Singular Value Decomposition Technique. Introduction Pavement structures provide a vital part of our transportation system. Mariah Carey Fantasy Instrumental Mp3 Download. Efficient maintenance is necessary in order to achieve maximum cost benefit from the huge investment made by transportation agencies over the years. As part of maintenance planning and analysis, agencies have been making use of deflection testing equipment such as the Falling Weight Deflectometer. This type of equipment yields information regarding the structural performance in terms of deflections that are used to calculate layer stiffness moduli. DAPS – Deflection Analysis of Pavement Structures – is a rapid, accurate and reliable method for performing back-calculation of deflection results.

The software is written using modern windows programming languages – with this version being developed for the Windows 98 operating system. Theoretical background As deflection data is increasingly used to accurately define pavement response to loading the need to develop robust back-calculation procedures has become greater. With the speed of computers increasing more mathematically intensive procedures can be used for developing solutions of large data sets.

Recently, a Deflection Analysis of Pavement Structures (DAPS) software has been developed, which enables the rapid calculation of layer stiffness moduli using a singular decomposition technique. The back analysis algorithm solves for both a two layer elastic system and the thickness of subgrade, or a three layer elastic system and the thickness of subgrade. A least square solution process is applied, employing all the measured deflections as parameters characterizing the bowl. A rigid base beneath the subgrade is assumed (‘bedrock’).

This is an accepted method, to some extent, to allow for known effects of non-linearity within the subgrade soil. The rigid base depth is used as an unknown to be solved for, along with the layer modulii. Seed values for the AC and subgrade stiffnesses are obtained from equations published by Thompson (1989), using deflections d0 to d3. These are used to generate trail values of the parameters characterizing the bowl (i.e.

The deflections). If a granular base is assumed to be present, the granular base resilient modulus seed value is estimated by empirical relations (Thompson, 1982). If a three-layer system without granular base is to be solved, the subgrade E estimate can be used for the base layer also. Shiva Putrudu Movie Songs Download more. An arbitrary fixed initial trail value of subgrade thickness is employed, viz.

As described so far, it is evident that there are 7 known parameters, and either 3 or 4 unknowns, viz. 2 E’s and 1T, or 3E’s and 1T. Since there are more parameters than unknowns, an overdetermined set of simultaneous equations can be set up relating changes in the unknowns to changes in the deflections by means of a matrix of partial derivatives, dp i/dU j,where p are the deflections and U are the unknowns (either E values or thickness value). A least squares solution to these simultaneous equations is obtained by an iterative process using, at each iteration, a solution of the overdetermined equation set by the Singular Value Decomposition technique (Press et al., 1986). The difference between the computed deflections based on the initial unknown’s estimates (seed values), and the measured deflections are hence minimized by the following procedure for updating the unknowns: P ka k = rk where: P k = the kth iteration of the matrix of partial derivatives dp i/dUj of the parameters p1, I=1 to 7, with respect to the ‘unknown’ layer modulii and thickness U j, j=1 to 3 or 1 to 4. A k = the kth difference vector, which is the differences U j,k+l –U j,k between the modulii/thickness used in the P k matrix and the new modulii/thickness U j,k+l to be used in the (k+1)th iteration. R k = the residual vector of differences between the most recently computed parameters and the parameters represented by the measured deflections.